柠檬苦素的理化性质、体内过程及制剂研究进展
[摘 要] 柠檬苦素存在于柠檬或其他柑橘类水果中,具有多种生物活性。本文综述近年来有关柠檬苦素理化性质、体内过程及制剂的研究进展,阐述了其在抑菌、抗肿瘤、镇痛、抗炎方面的生物活性,及其在体内的代谢过程和相关制剂对其吸收的改善情况。并展望这一研究领域的发展前景和发展方向,期望为柠檬苦素深入研究及产品开发提供思路。
[关键词] 柠檬苦素;理化性质;体内过程;制剂
[Abstract] Limonin is found in lemon or other citrus fruits and has a variety of biological activities. In this article, recent advances in physicochemical properties, ADME and preparations of limonin have been reviewed.In addtion, their biological activities in bacteriostatic, antitumor, analgesic and anti-inflammatory aspects, their ADME and related preparations which can improve absorption have been detailedly described.Looking forward to the development prospects and development direction of this research field, this article is expected to provide ideas for in-depth research and product development of limonin.
1 柠檬苦素理化性质研究进展
1.1分子结构
截止目前,人们已从天然化合物中分离出300种左右的柠檬苦素,包括39种柠檬苦素配基化合物,24种中性物以及15种酸性物[1]。它们具有4,4,8-三甲基-17-呋喃甾体骨架,通常是由两种化合物失去其17位碳侧链上的四个碳原子,然后衍生化形成的一类高度氧化的化合物,称为四降三萜[2-3]。根据结构特征,可分为四环都完整型、A-环开环型、B-环开环型、C-环开环型、A,B-环开环型等[4]。
1.2 物理性质
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